{"id":5861,"date":"2023-05-06T19:09:53","date_gmt":"2023-05-06T16:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/?page_id=5861"},"modified":"2023-05-06T22:38:22","modified_gmt":"2023-05-06T19:38:22","slug":"edinilmis-mallara-katilma-rejiminin-tasfiyesi-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/edinilmis-mallara-katilma-rejiminin-tasfiyesi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Edinilmi\u015f Mallara Kat\u0131lma Rejiminin Tasfiyesi-2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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VII. ALACAKLARIN (KATILMA VE DE\u011eER ARTI\u015e ALACAKLARININ) \u00d6DENMES\u0130<\/strong><\/h6>\n
A.GENEL OLARAK<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejiminde edinilen mallar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti kime ait ise, tasfiye sonras\u0131nda da kural olarak o e\u015fe ait kal\u0131r. E\u015fler kendisine di\u011fer e\u015ften edinilmi\u015f mal \u00fczerinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyemezler. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle payla\u015f\u0131m ayni de\u011fildir. <\/p>\n

B)ALACA\u011eIN N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

Kat\u0131lma ve de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f alacaklar\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Hukukunda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan bir bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan bir alacaktan farks\u0131zd\u0131r. TMK m. 5\u2019teki yollama nedeniyle, BK m. 1-181\u2019deki h\u00fck\u00fcmler burada da niteli\u011fine uygun oldu\u011fu oranda uygulama alan\u0131 bulunur. Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fan bor\u00e7 bir para borcudur. Bu nedenle, burada Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun para bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri (BK 83; 101 vd.) aynen uygulanabilecektir[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 bo\u015fanmada fer\u2019i nitelikte olan bir alacak de\u011fildir. Bunun sonucu olarak, anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma halinde kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 \u201cbo\u015fanman\u0131n mali sonucu\u201d ile ilgili de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, BK 166\/III h\u00fckm\u00fc kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131nda anla\u015fma ko\u015fulunu gerektirmez. Zira, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131, sadece bo\u015fanmada de\u011fil, di\u011fer nedenlerle de do\u011fan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z alacaklar niteli\u011findedir[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[69]<\/span> E\u015flerin yapacaklar\u0131 mal rejimi s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin alt soya etkisi i\u00e7in bkz., \u015e\u00fckran \u015e\u0131pka\/Hasan
Ali Kaplan, 4721 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni
Kanunu\u2019na G\u00f6re E\u015flerin Art\u0131k De\u011fere Kat\u0131lma Ve Payla\u015fma Oran\u0131 \u0130le \u0130lgili Olarak
Yapacaklar\u0131 Mal Rejimi S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin Altsoy\u2019a Etkisi<\/b>, Prof. Dr., Necip
Kocayusufpa\u015fao\u011flu \u0130\u00e7in Arma\u011fan, Ankara 2004, 263 vd.<\/p>\n

[70]<\/span><\/span> K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 237.<\/span><\/p>\n

C) \u00d6DEMEN\u0130N NAK\u0130T VEYA AYIN OLARAK YAPILAB\u0130LMES\u0130 OLANA\u011eI<\/strong><\/p>\n

 TMK m. 239\u2019da, bor\u00e7lu e\u015fin nakit olarak \u00f6deme imkan\u0131na sahip de\u011filse, alacakl\u0131 e\u015fe nakit yerine bir malda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ya da pay\u0131 vermesine olanak tan\u0131nmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece bor\u00e7lu e\u015fin mal\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere satarak borcunu \u00f6demesi yerine, alacakl\u0131 e\u015fe borcuna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir malda ayni hak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek \u201cay\u0131n olarak da \u00f6deme\u201d olana\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada, bir t\u00fcr ifa yerini tutan edim (datio in solutum) s\u00f6z konusudur[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Burada kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lusu olan e\u015fe, borcunu nakit olarak \u00f6deme yerine ay\u0131n olarak \u00f6deme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. Bu olanak sadece bor\u00e7luya tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, alacakl\u0131 e\u015fin, bor\u00e7ludan nakit yerine ay\u0131n verilmesini talep etme hakk\u0131 yoktur. Sadece bor\u00e7lu e\u015fe \u00f6deme kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirilmesi s\u00f6z konusudur[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

D) \u00d6L\u00dcM HAL\u0130NDE KONUT[5]<\/a> VE KONUT E\u015eYASINDA NAK\u0130T YER\u0130NE AYN\u0130 HAK TALEB\u0130 (TMK 240)<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

 TMK\u2019da, kat\u0131lma rejiminde e\u015flere tan\u0131nan hakk\u0131n alacak hakk\u0131 olmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kural\u0131n tek istisnas\u0131, 240. madde olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TMK m. 240\u2019ta \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeniyle kat\u0131lma rejiminin sona ermesi halinde, sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 mevcut ise, bu alaca\u011f\u0131 yerine kendisine konut ve konut e\u015fyas\u0131nda ayni hak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etme yetkisi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu maddenin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u015fu ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekir[6]<\/a>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. E\u015fler aras\u0131nda kat\u0131lma rejiminin bulunmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
  2. Kat\u0131lma rejiminin \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeniyle son bulmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
  3. Sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin, tasfiye sonunda kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
  4. M\u00fclkiyeti \u00f6len e\u015fe ait ve e\u015flerin birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 konut ve konut e\u015fyas\u0131nda ayni hak talep etmesi,<\/li>\n
  5. e) Sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 yerine konut ve konut e\u015fyas\u0131nda ayni hak talep etmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    [71] <\/span>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 239; Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk, 168; Acar, 132.<\/p>\n

    [72]<\/span> K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 239.<\/p>\n

    [73] <\/span>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 239.<\/p>\n

    [74] <\/span>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 239; Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk, 169; Acar, 132-133; Gen\u00e7can, 151.<\/p>\n

    [74]<\/span> Aile konutundan maksat, e\u015flerin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce<\/p>\n


    anla\u015f\u0131labilecek bi\u00e7imde sosyal ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n merkezi olarak se\u00e7tikleri, s\u00fcreklilik
    arz edecek \u015fekilde birlikte oturduklar\u0131 ve ya\u015fam ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenledikleri
    m\u00fcstakil ev veya apartman dairesidir. Nami Barlas, Yeni T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde E\u015fler Aras\u0131 Hukuki \u0130\u015flem
    \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131,  Prof. Dr. Necip
    Kocayusufpa\u015fao\u011flu \u0130\u00e7in Arma\u011fan,<\/b> Ankara 2004, s . 122. aile konutu ile
    ilgili olarak geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in bkz., \u015e\u00fckran \u015e\u0131pka, Aile Konutu \u0130le \u0130lgili \u0130\u015flemlerde Di\u011fer E\u015fin R\u0131zas\u0131<\/b>, \u0130stanbul 2004,
    55 vd. Ahmet \u00d6zer, \u0130svi\u00e7re Aile
    Hukukunda Son Geli\u015fmeler, Yarg\u0131tay Dergisi<\/b>, Cilt: 14, Ocak-Nisan 1998,
    Say\u0131:1-2, 124.<\/p>\n

    [76] <\/span><\/span>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 240; \u015e\u0131pka, Aile Konutu, <\/b>103.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

     <\/span><\/div>\n

    Yasa, sa\u011f kalan e\u015fe, ayni hak olarak \u00f6ncelikle konut \u00fczerinde intifa veya oturma hakk\u0131n\u0131; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, konut e\u015fyas\u0131 \u00fczerinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 talep yetkisi vermektedir.Yasa koyucu, konut e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmakla ekonomik \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n konut e\u015fyas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, bunlar \u00fczerinde sa\u011f kalan e\u015fe, \u00f6ncelikle intifa hakk\u0131 de\u011fil, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu getirmi\u015ftir[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Sa\u011f kalan e\u015f, konut \u00fczerinde intifa veya oturma hakk\u0131n\u0131 talep etti\u011fi halde, \u00f6lenin ya da sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 hakl\u0131 sebeplerle sa\u011f kalan e\u015fe intifa veya oturma de\u011fil, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 verilmesini talep edebilecektir.<\/p>\n

    Yasa sa\u011f kalan e\u015fe konut e\u015fyas\u0131 \u00fczerinde ayni hak talep edebilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 bir halde kabul etmemi\u015ftir. TMK 240\/IV h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re, \u00f6lenin bir meslek ve sanat icra etti\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmler mevcut ve ayn\u0131 meslek ve sanat\u0131 devam ettirecek olan \u00f6lenin altsoyu bulunur ise, sa\u011f kalan e\u015f, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na mahsup edilmek \u00fczere, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde kendisine intifa veya oturma, ya da m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edemeyecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; m\u00fclkiyeti kendisine ait olan konutun bir odas\u0131n\u0131 avukatl\u0131k b\u00fcrosu olarak kullanan baba \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ayn\u0131 mesle\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir o\u011flu mevcut ise, sa\u011f kalan e\u015f bu konut \u00fczerinde bir ayni hak talep edemeyecektir[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Yasa, kat\u0131lma rejiminde, \u00f6l\u00fcm halinde sa\u011f kalan e\u015fe, konut ve konut e\u015fyas\u0131nda bir ayni hak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin bu ayni hakk\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen tasarruflar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00f6len e\u015f, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vasiyetname[9]<\/a> ile konutu, k\u0131z\u0131na ya da \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi ye\u011fenine muayyen mal vasiyeti olarak b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bu durumda, \u00f6len ki\u015fi bu vasiyetnamesi ile sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin TMK m. 240 ile getirilmi\u015f ayni hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmektedir. Bu durumda, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re[10]<\/a>, sa\u011f kalan e\u015f TMK 557\/b.3 h\u00fckm\u00fcne dayanarak bu vasiyetnamenin TMK 240 h\u00fckm\u00fcne, yani hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla iptali i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7\u0131labilecek; vasiyetin iptalinden sonra ise, konut \u00fczerinde ayni hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilecektir. Acar\u2019a g\u00f6re ise[11]<\/a>, bu durumda mal\u0131n ayn\u0131na kavu\u015fma imkan\u0131 ya da mal \u00fczerinde ayni hak kurma imkan\u0131 kalmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tenkis yoluyla sadece parasal a\u00e7\u0131dan bir geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm sa\u011flan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece vasiyetname yoluyla TMK 240 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisiz hale getirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir.<\/p>\n

    TMK 240 h\u00fckm\u00fc mal rejiminin tasfiyesi sonras\u0131nda sa\u011f kalan e\u015fe o an kadarki ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilme imkan\u0131 sa\u011flamak, e\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonucu sosyal ve ekonomik durumun bozulmadan devam etmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r[12]<\/a>. TMK m. 194 buradaki amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek niteliktedir. TMK m. 194\u2019e g\u00f6re, e\u015flerden biri, di\u011fer e\u015fin a\u00e7\u0131k r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan[13]<\/a> aile konutu ile ilgili kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshedemez veya aile konutu haklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayamaz. Aile konutu olarak \u00f6zg\u00fclenen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n maliki olmayan e\u015f, tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne konutla ilgili gerekli \u015ferhin[14]<\/a> verilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>\n

    E) KATILMA ALACA\u011eININ AZALTILMASI VEYA REDD\u0130 (TMK m. 236)<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

    TMK m. 236\/II\u2019ye g\u00f6re[15]<\/a>, \u201cZina veya hayata kast nedeniyle bo\u015fanma halinde hakim, kusurlu e\u015fin art\u0131k de\u011ferdeki pay oran\u0131n\u0131n hakkaniyete uygun olarak azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na veya kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verebilir\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

    TMK 236\/II h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc, kat\u0131lma rejiminin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edili\u015f gerek\u00e7eleriyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131rmaya imkan yoktur. Kat\u0131lma rejiminin temelini, e\u015flerin evlilik s\u00fcresince emek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 edindi\u011fi mallarda e\u015fit hak sahibi olmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Burada, e\u015fin eme\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. Maddede belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, bir e\u015fin zina etmesi ya da di\u011ferinin can\u0131na kastetmesi, y\u0131llarca vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu eme\u011fin bir anda yok say\u0131lmas\u0131na veya edinilmi\u015f mallardaki alacak hakk\u0131n\u0131n reddedilmesine sebep olu\u015fturamaz. Bu eylemlerin TMK\u2019da yeterli yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r. Zina, mutlak bo\u015fanma sebebi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; zina eden e\u015f, tazminat ve nafaka talep edemez; zina eden e\u015f, miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131labilir (mirastan \u0131skat edebilir) (TMK m. 510). Bu kadar yasal yapt\u0131r\u0131m varken, ayn\u0131 eylemin y\u0131llarca verilen eme\u011fin inkar edilmesi ve kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n reddedilmesi yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na da yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir haks\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re, maddeye bu f\u0131kran\u0131n konulurken \u201czina eden ve kocas\u0131n\u0131n can\u0131na kasteden kad\u0131nlar\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Halbuki, \u00fclkemizde kad\u0131n de\u011fil, erke\u011fin zinas\u0131 yayg\u0131n bir haldir. TMK m. 236\/II\u2019ye g\u00f6re, zina eden e\u015fin di\u011fer e\u015ften olan alacak hakk\u0131 reddedilecektir. Kad\u0131n\u0131n eme\u011fini y\u0131llarca ev i\u015flerine harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa bile, kazanc\u0131n\u0131 yine eve harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, kocan\u0131n mallar\u0131n maliki oldu\u011fu durumlar memleketimizde, \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r. Erke\u011fin zina etmesi  ve bu maddedeki yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n kendisine uygulanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na sahip olan e\u015f yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz durumdan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc genellikle koca olacakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, TMK m. 236\/II, bor\u00e7lu e\u015f i\u00e7in bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ng\u00f6rmemektedir ve bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, \u00fclkemizde sadece zina eden kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in uygulama bulacakt\u0131r[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    TMK m. 236\/II\u2019de, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n reddi ya da oran\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, e\u015fin zina veya cana kast eyleminde bulunmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluna ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zina veya cana kast nedeniyle e\u015f taraf\u0131ndan  bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bo\u015fanman\u0131n da bu nedene dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda zina veya hayata kast eyleminin ispatland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekir. Zina veya cana kast nedeniyle bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da a\u00e7\u0131lmadan dava hakk\u0131na sahip e\u015fin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda, \u00f6lenin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, alacakl\u0131 e\u015fin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davada, zina ve cana kast nedeniyle davan\u0131n reddini talep edebileceklerdir. Dava sonunda, daval\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu iddialar\u0131 ispatlan\u0131rsa, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na veya kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilebilecektir[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    [83]<\/span> TMK 194 kapsam\u0131ndaki i\u015flemler di\u011fer e\u015fin r\u0131zas\u0131 al\u0131nmadan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde \u201cnoksan\u201d durumda bulunacakt\u0131r. Barlas, 128; \u015e\u0131pka, Aile Konutu, 141 vd.<\/p>\n

    [84]<\/span> Kanun \u015ferhin nas\u0131l koydurulabilece\u011fi, fonksiyonunun ne olaca\u011f\u0131 ve ne gibi hukuki sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131, etki s\u00fcresinin ne kadar olaca\u011f\u0131 ve kim taraf\u0131ndan, hangi hallerde, nas\u0131l kald\u0131rt\u0131labilece\u011fi konular\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7ermemektedir. Barlas\u2019a g\u00f6re, bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn yukar\u0131daki nedenlerle uygulamada ciddi sorunlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma ihtimali \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. Barlas, 124. Aile konutu \u015ferhi kurucu de\u011fil a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 bir fonksiyona sahiptir. \u015eerh bulunmasa dahi, di\u011fer e\u015fin r\u0131zas\u0131 al\u0131nmadan yap\u0131lacak tasarruf i\u015flemi hukuken ge\u00e7ersiz olacak ve sonu\u00e7ta da yolsuz tescil durumunda bulunacakt\u0131r. Burada malik e\u015fle i\u015flem yapan ki\u015finin iyiniyeti de korunmayacakt\u0131r. Fakat bu ki\u015fi (di\u011fer akit) lehine yolsuz tescile dayanarak hareket eden iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kilerin MK. 1023 gere\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde m\u00fclkiyet veya s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak elde etmeleri ihtimal dahilinde olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne konulacak aile konutu \u015ferhi bu tehlikeyi \u00f6nleyecektir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle \u015ferh, malik e\u015fle i\u015flem yapan ki\u015finin de\u011fil, bu i\u015flem sonucu olu\u015facak yolsuz tescile dayanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin iyiniyetini bertaraf etmeye y\u00f6nelik yarar sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Barlas, 125-126; \u015e\u0131pka, 160. Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk ise,\u015ferhin aile konutuyla ilgili hukuki i\u015flemlere giri\u015fmek isteyen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin  iyiniyet iddialar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u00f6nleyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk, 115. Ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte, Ayhan U\u00e7ar, 4721 Say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun \u0130le Evlili\u011fin Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Alan\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Bir K\u0131s\u0131m De\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u00dczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler,<\/b> A\u00dcEHFD, A\u00dcEHF\u2019nin 15. Kurulu\u015f Y\u0131l\u0131na Arma\u011fan, Cilt: VI, Say\u0131:1-4, Aral\u0131k 2002, Erzincan, 323.<\/p>\n

    [85]<\/span> K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, \u201cTBMM <\/b>Adalet Komisyonundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda koalisyon ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n, edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejiminin yasal mal rejimi olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; Kanun Tasla\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, payla\u015fmal\u0131 mal ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 rejiminin yasal mal rejimi olmas\u0131nda, kat\u0131lma rejiminin ise, se\u00e7imlik rejim haline getirilmesinde direndiklerini, sonradan, koalisyon ortaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler  sonunda bu direni\u015fi g\u00f6steren milletvekillerinin, baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6nerilerini bu konudaki uyu\u015fman\u0131n ko\u015fulu olarak ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcklerin ,tasar\u0131da kat\u0131lma rejiminin yasal mal rejimi olarak kabul edilmesinin ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan birisinin de, TMK md. 236 ve 255\u2019e eklenen ikinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc oldu\u011funu<\/i>\u201d ifade etmektedir. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 241-242.<\/p>\n

    [86]<\/span><\/span> K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 242; \u00d6zdamar, 330.<\/span><\/p>\n

     F) <\/span><\/span>KAR\u015eILIKLI ALACAKLARIN TAKAS ED\u0130LMES\u0130 (TMK m. 236\/I)<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

     TMK 236\/I, e\u015flerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olan alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n talep edilme ko\u015fuluna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmadan   takas edilebilmesine olanak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira, madde \u201calacaklar takas edilir\u201d demekte, \u201cedilebilir\u201d ifadesini kullanmamaktad\u0131r. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re, burada, takasla ilgili genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fczenleme ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. BK genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde takas\u0131, bor\u00e7lunun bunu ileri s\u00fcrmesi ko\u015fuluna ba\u011fl\u0131 tutmu\u015ftur. BK m. 122\/f. I\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cTakas, ancak bor\u00e7lunun takas\u0131 dermeyan etmek kasd\u0131n\u0131 alacakl\u0131ya bildirmesiyle vaki olur\u201d. TMK m. 236\/II\u2019de ise, e\u015flerin bunu ileri s\u00fcrmesi gerekti\u011finden bahsedilmemi\u015ftir. Bu durumda  tasfiye s\u0131ras\u0131nda yarg\u0131\u00e7 bunu re\u2019sen de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutabilecektir[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Takas, e\u015flerin birbirinden olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc alaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcndeme gelebilir. Buna g\u00f6re, bir e\u015fin di\u011ferinden kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bor\u00e7lu e\u015fin ondan bir \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 nedeniyle alacakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 alacaklar, e\u015flerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kat\u0131lma veya de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde de olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin A, kar\u0131s\u0131 B\u2019ye miras yoluyla gelen on milyar TL\u2019lik dairesinin tamirat ve tadilat\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi \u00fccret gelirinden iki milyar TL harcama yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A, evlilikleri s\u00fcresince kazanc\u0131ndan biriktirdi\u011fi paras\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 marka bir otomobil alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u015fler bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015flar ve aralar\u0131ndaki kat\u0131lma rejiminin tasfiyesi g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Mal rejiminin sona erdi\u011fi s\u0131rada yabanc\u0131 marka otomobilin de\u011ferinin alt\u0131 milyar TL; B\u2019nin dairesinin ise, onbe\u015f milyar TL oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re B, bu otomobilin yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde A\u2019dan \u00fc\u00e7 milyar TL alacak hakk\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir. Ancak, A\u2019n\u0131n B\u2019den alaca\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Zira, TMK m. 227 gere\u011fince A, B\u2019nin ki\u015fisel mal\u0131 olan miras yoluyla kalan daireye, edinmi\u015f oldu\u011fu maldan harcama yap\u0131p, dairenin iyile\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u2019n\u0131n B\u2019den de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. A, on milyar TL\u2019lik daireye iki milyar, yani dairenin 1\/6 (2\/12) oran\u0131nda katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Mal rejiminin sona erdi\u011fi tarihte dairenin de\u011ferinin 1\/6 oran\u0131nda, yani iki bu\u00e7uk milyar (15×1\/6) A\u2019n\u0131n B\u2019den de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f alaca\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. A\u2019n\u0131n bu alaca\u011f\u0131, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 ile takas edilecek ve A\u2019n\u0131n B\u2019ye 500 milyon TL daha \u00f6demesi gerekecektir[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    G) BOR\u00c7LUYA VADE TANINMASI VE ALACA\u011eA FA\u0130Z VE G\u00dcVENCE VER\u0130LMES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

    TMK m. 217\u2019ye g\u00f6re, \u201cMal rejimi, e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki bor\u00e7lar\u0131n muaccel olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemez. Bununla beraber bir borcun yerine getirilmesi, bor\u00e7lu e\u015fi , bor\u00e7lu e\u015fi evlilik birli\u011fini tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek derecede \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklere sokacaksa, bu e\u015f \u00f6deme i\u00e7in s\u00fcre isteyebilir. Durum ve ko\u015fullar gerektiriyorsa, hakim istemde bulunan e\u015fi g\u00fcvence g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131lar.\u201d<\/em> Bu maddeye  g\u00f6re, kat\u0131lma rejiminin tasfiyesi sonucunda alacakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan e\u015f, bunun ifas\u0131n\u0131 bor\u00e7lu e\u015ften talep edebilecektir. Bor\u00e7lunun tasfiye nedeniyle birdenbire ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu borcunu ifas\u0131 mali a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fc\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecekse, alacakl\u0131 e\u015f, ona baz\u0131 ko\u015fullarla vade tan\u0131mak zorunlulu\u011fundad\u0131r[21]<\/a>. Bor\u00e7lu e\u015fe vade tan\u0131nmas\u0131, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015famamas\u0131 durumu s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Bu nedenle, alacakl\u0131 e\u015fin, bor\u00e7ludan g\u00fcvence talep edebilmesi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131na faiz de y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fan bor\u00e7, para borcu niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fundan, BK m. 101\u2019e g\u00f6re, muaccel bir borcun bor\u00e7lusu alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ihtar\u0131yla temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fer. Tasfiye, yarg\u0131lama sonunda de\u011fil, e\u015fler aras\u0131nda anla\u015fma ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fe, bunun tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda bor\u00e7 muaccel hale gelmi\u015ftir. Ancak, temerr\u00fct faizinin i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in, bu yeterli de\u011fildir. Taraflar temerr\u00fct faizi ve i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih konusunda da anla\u015fm\u0131\u015flarsa, faiz bu anla\u015fmada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen oranda ve tarihte; aksi halde, faiz, anla\u015fmadan do\u011fan kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, takip tarihinden itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Kat\u0131lma rejiminin tasfiyesi, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmaya de\u011fil, yarg\u0131 karar\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde, faiz oran\u0131 ve i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih mahkemece tayin edilecektir.<\/p>\n

    Faizin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih TMK m. 239\/f. II h\u00fckm\u00fcne ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re: \u201cAksi anla\u015fma yoksa, tasfiyenin sona ermesinden ba\u015flayarak kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na ve de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131na faiz y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr\u201d. O halde, taraflar aras\u0131nda faiz oran\u0131 ve i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih konusunda bir anla\u015fma yoksa, bu hususlar mahkemece tayin edilecektir. Mahkemece faizin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flama tarihi konusunda yasa \u201ctasfiyenin sona ermesi\u201d an\u0131n\u0131 esas alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tasfiyeye mahkeme karar verdi\u011finden, faizin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih mahkemenin karar tarihi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    TMK m. 239\/f. I\u2019deki mal rejiminin mahkemece tasfiyesi halinde \u201ckat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na ve de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131na faiz y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr\u201d ifadesi alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, bor\u00e7lu e\u015fi, bu alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmedi\u011fi sonucunu do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. BK m. 101 ise, bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in, borcun muaccel olmas\u0131n\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6rmemi\u015f; ayr\u0131ca, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7luya ihtarda bulunmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    [87] <\/span><\/span><\/span>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 242; Acar, 152.<\/o:p><\/p>\n

    [88] <\/span><\/span><\/span>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 243.<\/o:p><\/p>\n

    [89] <\/span><\/span><\/span>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 244; Gen\u00e7can, 151.<\/o:p><\/p>\n

    [90] <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 244.<\/span>
    <\/p>\n

    H) \u00d6DEMELERDE MESLEK \u0130CRASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N AYRILMI\u015e B\u0130R\u0130MLER\u0130N VE \u0130\u015eLETMELER\u0130N EKONOM\u0130K B\u00dcT\u00dcNL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN\u00dcN G\u00d6ZET\u0130LMES\u0130 <\/strong><\/p>\n

    TMK m. 239\/I\u2019de \u201c\u2026.bir mesle\u011fin icras\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birimler ile i\u015fletmelerin ekonomik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zetilir\u201d ifadeleri[23]<\/a> yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, kat\u0131lma rejiminde, tasfiyede e\u015flerin mallar\u0131 payla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tasfiyede bir e\u015fin art\u0131k de\u011ferde, di\u011fer e\u015ften kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fini, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 para olarak \u00f6deyebilecek olan e\u015fin, bu \u00f6demeyi yaparak m\u00fclkiyetinde bulunan mesle\u011fini icra etti\u011fi birimlerin unsurlar\u0131n ya da i\u015fletmenin sahibi olmaya devam edebilece\u011fini,  bor\u00e7lu e\u015fin, ba\u015fka malvarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 paraya \u00e7evirerek, e\u015fine olan kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 borcunu \u00f6deyebilece\u011fini ifade ettikten sonra kat\u0131lma rejiminin yanl\u0131\u015f alg\u0131lanarak 239. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na yap\u0131lan eklemenin hi\u00e7bir anlam\u0131 ve mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130) BOR\u00c7LULAR (BOR\u00c7TAN SORUMLU K\u0130\u015e\u0130LER)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
      \n
    1. E\u015e<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/h6>\n

      Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bor\u00e7lu ki\u015finin en ba\u015f\u0131nda, e\u015f gelmektedir. Bu durum, kat\u0131lma rejiminin bo\u015fanma, evlili\u011fin iptali ya da mal ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f nedeniyle son bulmas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

      \n
        \n
      1. M\u0130RAS\u00c7ILAR <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/h6>\n

        Kat\u0131lma rejiminin \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeniyle sona ermesi halinde, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lular\u0131, \u00f6len bor\u00e7lu e\u015fin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Burada, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n herhangi bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fundan bir fark s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n bankadan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kredi nedeniyle, miras\u0131n\u0131 reddetmemi\u015f miras\u00e7\u0131lar, nas\u0131l bankaya kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu ise, sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde sorumludur.<\/p>\n

        \n
          \n
        1. \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc K\u0130\u015e\u0130LER\u0130N EKS\u0130K KALAN KATILMA ALACA\u011eIYLA SINIRLI SORUMLULUKLARI (TMK m. 241)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/h6>\n

          Kat\u0131lma rejiminde, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011fu, istisnai bir sorumluluktur. TMK 241\/f. I h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131ndan sorumlu tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u015fu ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/p>\n

          a) Kat\u0131lma Alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bor\u00e7lu E\u015fin Mal Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Bor\u00e7lu \u00d6lm\u00fc\u015fse Terekesinden Kar\u015f\u0131lanamamas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

          b)\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015fi, Bor\u00e7lu E\u015f Taraf\u0131ndan Hesaba Kat\u0131lmas\u0131 Gereken Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z             Kazand\u0131rmalar Elde Etmi\u015f Bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lan tasarruf mutlaka kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z (ivazs\u0131z) bir tasarruf olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buraya, en yayg\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z tasarruf t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamalar girer.<\/p>\n

          c) Kat\u0131lma Alacakl\u0131s\u0131 Olan E\u015fin, Bu Alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bor\u00e7lu E\u015f ya da Bunun \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc Halinde Miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Taraf\u0131ndan \u00d6denmemi\u015f Olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

          TMK m. 241\/II\u2019ye g\u00f6re, \u201cDava hakk\u0131, alacakl\u0131 e\u015f veya miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n zedelendi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendiklerini tarihten ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ve herhalde mal rejiminin sona ermesinin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar.\u201d Buradaki s\u00fcre hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcredir. Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre, hak sahipleri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kazand\u0131rmay\u0131, yani kat\u0131lma alacak haklar\u0131n\u0131n zedelendi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenme tarihinden itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar; be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre ise, kat\u0131lma rejiminin sona ermesi tarihinden itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          J) ALACAKLILAR (KATILMA ALACA\u011eI HAKKINA SAH\u0130P K\u0130\u015e\u0130LER)<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n sahibi olanlar e\u015flerdir. Ancak, e\u015flerin bu hakk\u0131n\u0131n, hak sahibi e\u015fin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na ait olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 sahibi olabilmeleri, \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeniyle mal rejiminin son bulmas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Bu durumda, \u00f6len e\u015fin kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 talep ve dava hakk\u0131n\u0131 miras\u0131n\u0131 reddetmemi\u015f olan miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kullanabilecektir. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sahip olmalar\u0131, kat\u0131lma rejiminin bo\u015fanma veya evlili\u011fin iptali sebebiyle son bulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, hak sahibi olan e\u015fin, bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 talep, dava veya tahsil etmeden \u00f6lmesi nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          K.KATILMA ALACA\u011eININ HARCA TAB\u0130 OLMAMASI <\/strong><\/h6>\n

          Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131, bo\u015fanman\u0131n fer\u2019i niteli\u011finde olan bir alacak de\u011fildir. Bo\u015fanman\u0131n fer\u2019i nitelikteki alacaklar\u0131n harca tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; yoksulluk nafakas\u0131, maddi ve manevi tazminat davas\u0131, harca tabi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

          Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131, evlilik devam ederken de mal rejiminin tasfiyesine karar verildi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin TMK m. 206 gere\u011fince hakl\u0131 sebeplerle e\u015fler, se\u00e7imlik rejim konusunda bir mal rejimi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde, evlilik devam etti\u011fi halde, mal rejimi yine de tasfiye edilebilmektedir. Bu nedenle kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 davas\u0131 harca tabi olan bir davad\u0131r[25]<\/a>.<\/p>

          [94]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, 248.<\/span>
          <\/p>\n

          VIII. PAYLI M\u00dcLK\u0130YET\u0130N TASF\u0130YES\u0130<\/strong><\/h6>\n

                      E\u015fler aras\u0131nda evlilik s\u00fcresince edinilen ve payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet (m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyet) konusu olan mallar da bulunabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin A ile B bir daire sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015flar, daireyi tapuda yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya \u00fczerlerine kaydettirmi\u015flerdir. Mal rejiminin tasfiyesi, sadece evlilik s\u00fcresince edinilmi\u015f mallar i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet konusu mallar\u0131n tasfiyesi buna ili\u015fkin olan \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere (TMK m. 688 vd.) tabidir.<\/p>\n

          TMK m. 226\u2019ya g\u00f6re, \u201cTasfiye s\u0131ras\u0131nda, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyete konu bir mal varsa, e\u015flerden biri kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen di\u011fer olanaklardan yararlanabilece\u011fi gibi, daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir yarar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ispat etmek ve di\u011ferinin pay\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek suretiyle o mal\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeden kendisine verilmesini isteyebilir\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

          E\u015fe tan\u0131nan bu hak hukuksal niteli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cyasadan kaynaklanan bir al\u0131m\u201d (kanundan do\u011fan i\u015ftira) hakk\u0131d\u0131r.  Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn yasaya konulma gerek\u00e7esi, \u201cevlilik sona erdi\u011fi halde, e\u015flerin maldaki payda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n halen devam etmesi isabetli olmayaca\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7inemedikleri i\u00e7in bo\u015fanan iki ki\u015fiyi, bu kez payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet konusu bir mal nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmenin yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilmi\u015ftir[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

          Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn uygulanabilme \u015fartlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/h6>\n
            \n
          1. a) E\u015fler aras\u0131nda payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet konusu bir mal\u0131n bulunmas\u0131<\/li>\n
          2. b) E\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki kat\u0131lma rejiminin sona ermesi ve rejiminin tasfiyesinin ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131<\/li>\n
          3. c) Al\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan e\u015fin \u00fcst\u00fcn bir yarar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131: Burada \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu hususu, her somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; pay\u0131 sat\u0131n almak isteyen ki\u015finin meslek ve sanat\u0131, i\u015fletmesinin bunu gerektirmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131k nedenleri veya saf duygusal menfaatler dikkate al\u0131nabilir. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet konusu olan mal, konut ya da ev e\u015fyas\u0131 ise, pay\u0131 sat\u0131n almak isteyen e\u015fin aile ili\u015fkileri ve \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklarla birlikte hangi e\u015fin ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 konut ve ev e\u015fyas\u0131yla birlikte ge\u00e7irece\u011fi gibi unsurlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekir[27]<\/a>.<\/li>\n
          4. d) Di\u011fer e\u015fin pay bedelinin \u00f6denmesi: Yasal al\u0131m hakk\u0131, bedel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilen bir hakt\u0131r. \u00d6denecek olan bu bedel, sat\u0131n almak istenilen pay\u0131n piyasada de\u011ferine g\u00f6re belirlenecektir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            5. ZAMANA\u015eIMI<\/strong><\/h6>\n

            Kat\u0131lma rejimi nedeniyle, e\u015flerin kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fan talep haklar\u0131n\u0131n zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi konusunda, yasada genel bir d\u00fczenleme ve h\u00fck\u00fcm mevcut de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

            TMK m. 178\u2019de zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili bir h\u00fck\u00fcm vard\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re: \u201cEvlili\u011fin bo\u015fanma sebebiyle sona ermesinden do\u011fan dava haklar\u0131, bo\u015fanma h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesinin \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle zaman a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar\u201d.<\/em> Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ilgilidir. Bu nedenle, bu maddeyi yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak ele alma zorunlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Bunun sonucu olarak, bu maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi bo\u015fanman\u0131n fer\u2019i olarak tazminat ve nafaka taleplerine ili\u015fkindir[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

            \u00d6zel bir h\u00fck\u00fcm olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131nda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcreleri konusunda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere bakmak gerekir. E\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki mal rejimi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan talep haklar\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fdu\u011fundan, BK m. 125\u2019ta yer alan 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcreye tabi olmas\u0131 gerekir. E\u015fler aras\u0131nda yasal mal rejiminin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, mal rejimi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 kanundan do\u011fan bir alacakt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7in zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresinin sona ermesi ve kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme tarihinden itibaren  bir y\u0131l, ve herhalde mal rejiminin sona ermesi tarihinden itibaren on y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

            TMK m. 217 mal rejiminin e\u015flerin birbirinden olan alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n muaccel hale gelmesini engellemeyece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir. 743 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 165. maddesindeki cebri icra yasa\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, BK m. 132\/b. 3\u2019te yer alan evlilik s\u00fcresince e\u015flerin birbirinden olan alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n duraca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcktedir. Bu nedenle, e\u015flerin birbirinden olan kat\u0131lma alacaklar\u0131, evlilik devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011framaz. Evlilik devam ederken, e\u015flerin kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir mal rejimine ge\u00e7meleriyle ya da mahkeme karar\u0131yla mal ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n

            SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/h6>\n

            T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun mal rejimine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir. Kad\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen evinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, emek harcamakta, y\u0131llar sonra bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan evlendi\u011fi andaki de\u011feriyle e\u015fit miktarda olarak bundan sonraki ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131na devam ettirmek zorunda kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum ise kad\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fdur olmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan edinilmi\u015f mallarda kat\u0131lma rejimi kad\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fduriyetini \u00f6nlemeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejiminin kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn olumlu bir de\u011fi\u015fim oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

            Mal rejiminin uygulanma a\u015famas\u0131nda birtak\u0131m zorluklar ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesizdir. \u00d6zellikle tasfiye a\u015famas\u0131nda, hangi mallar\u0131n hangi mal gruplar\u0131na girdi\u011finin tespiti noktas\u0131nda baz\u0131 zorluklar\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Evlenmelerin \u00e7o\u011funda, evlenme s\u00fcresince edinilen mallar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti kocadad\u0131r. Art\u0131k de\u011ferin hesaplanmas\u0131ndan sonra her e\u015f di\u011ferine ait art\u0131k de\u011ferin yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde hak sahibi olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na sahip olan e\u015f genellikle kad\u0131n olacakt\u0131r. Burada alacakl\u0131 olan e\u015fin (kad\u0131n\u0131n) haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir. Aksi takdirde alacakl\u0131 olan e\u015f ma\u011fduriyet ya\u015fayabilir.<\/p>\n

            Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na veya reddine ili\u015fkin TMK 236\/II h\u00fckm\u00fc haks\u0131zl\u0131klara neden olabilecek nitelikte bir h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr.  Hakim bu maddeyi uygularken takdir hakk\u0131n\u0131 dikkatli olarak kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Bilgi verme y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin maddenin al\u0131nmamas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir eksikliktir. Zira e\u015flerin birlikte refah ve saadet i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, birbirlerine maddi durumlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermelerini \u2013 haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na yararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u2013 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel bir h\u00fck\u00fcm olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdeki zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            YARGITAY KARARLARI<\/strong><\/h6>\n

            (\u2026) 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK\u2019nun 202. maddesine g\u00f6re, e\u015fler aras\u0131nda edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejiminin uygulanmas\u0131 as\u0131ld\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n 218 ve devam\u0131 maddeleri gere\u011fince, edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejimi, edinilmi\u015f mallar ile e\u015flerden her birinin ki\u015fisel mallar\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. Belirli bir mal\u0131n e\u015flerden birine ait oldu\u011funu iddia eden kimse, iddias\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. E\u015flerden hangisine ait oldu\u011fu ispat edilemeyen mallar onlar\u0131n payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetinde say\u0131l\u0131r. Bir e\u015fin b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131 aksi ispat edilinceye kadar edinilmi\u015f mal kabul edilir. Her e\u015f yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ki\u015fisel mallar\u0131 ile edinilmi\u015f mallar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme, bunlardan yararlanma ve bunlar \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.(\u2026) Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2012\/10158, K. 2013\/1633, T. 05.02.2013<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            (\u2026) Belirli bir mal\u0131n e\u015flerden birine ait oldu\u011funu iddia eden kimse, iddias\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. E\u015flerden hangisine ait oldu\u011fu ispat edilemeyen mallar onlar\u0131n payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetinde say\u0131l\u0131r. Bir e\u015fin b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131, aksi ispat edilinceye kadar edinilmi\u015f mal olarak kabul edilir (TMK m. 222). Ayn\u0131 kanunun 219\/5. maddesine g\u00f6re ise; edinilmi\u015f mallar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7en de\u011ferler edinilmi\u015f mal, 220\/4. maddeye g\u00f6re de, ki\u015fisel mallar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7en de\u011ferler de ki\u015fisel mal say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durum, kanun koyucunun kabul etti\u011fi, mal rejiminin tasfiyesi davalar\u0131ndaki ispat ve ikame kurallar\u0131d\u0131r. (\u2026) Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2015\/11939, K. 2017\/4982, T. 04.04.2017<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            (\u2026) Edinilmi\u015f mallar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan TMK\u2019nun 219. maddesinde ifade edilmi\u015ftir. TMK\u2019nun 219. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cBir e\u015fin edinilmi\u015f mallar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle \u015funlard\u0131r\u201d denilerek edinilmi\u015f mallar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, sadece \u201c1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan edinimler, 2. Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik veya sosyal yard\u0131m kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n veya personele yard\u0131m amac\u0131 ile kurulan sand\u0131k ve benzerlerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demeler, 3. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kayb\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6denen tazminatlar, 4. Ki\u015fisel mallar\u0131n\u0131n gelirleri, 5. Edinilmi\u015f mallar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7en de\u011ferler\u201d \u015feklinde \u00f6zel \u00f6rneklerle yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u2026) Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E. 2019\/805, K. 2022\/123 T. 15.02.2022<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            (\u2026) Bir e\u015fin b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131, aksi ispat edilinceye kadar edinilmi\u015f mal olarak kabul edilir (TMK 222. m). Mal rejiminin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince, bir e\u015fin sahip oldu\u011fu edinilmi\u015f malda, di\u011fer e\u015fin art\u0131k de\u011ferin yar\u0131s\u0131 oran\u0131nda kat\u0131lma alacak hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Art\u0131k de\u011fere kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131; eklenecek de\u011ferlerden (TMK 229.m) ve denkle\u015ftirmeden (TMK 230.m) elde edilen miktarlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, e\u015fin edinilmi\u015f mallar\u0131n\u0131n (TMK 219.m) toplam de\u011ferinden, bu mallara ili\u015fkin bor\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra kalan art\u0131k de\u011ferin (TMK 231.m) yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer e\u015fin alacak hakk\u0131d\u0131r (TMK 236\/1.m). Kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131 Yasa’dan kaynaklanan bir hak olup, bu hakk\u0131 talep eden e\u015fin gelirinin olmas\u0131na veya s\u00f6z konusu mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n edinilmesine, iyile\u015ftirilmesine ya da korunmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunulmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Art\u0131k de\u011fere kat\u0131lma alacak miktar\u0131 hesaplan\u0131rken, mal rejiminin sona erdi\u011fi s\u0131rada mevcut olan mallar\u0131n, bu tarihteki durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, ancak tasfiye tarihindeki s\u00fcr\u00fcm(rayi\u00e7) de\u011ferleri esas al\u0131n\u0131r (TMK 227\/1, 228\/1, 232 ve 235\/1. m). Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, tasfiye tarihi karar tarihidir. (\u2026) Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2015\/8274, K. 2017\/686, T. 24.01.2017<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            (\u2026) De\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131; e\u015flerden birinin di\u011ferine ait mal\u0131n edinilmesine, iyile\u015ftirilmesine veya korunmas\u0131na hi\u00e7 ya da uygun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k almaks\u0131z\u0131n esasl\u0131 katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131 durumunda, tasfiye s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu malda meydana gelebilecek de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in katk\u0131s\u0131 oran\u0131nda sahip oldu\u011fu alacak hakk\u0131d\u0131r (4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK 227 m). Denkle\u015ftirme (TMK 230 m) hari\u00e7, tasfiyeye konu malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda katk\u0131 tarihine g\u00f6re de\u011fer kayb\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu ise, katk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki de\u011feri esas al\u0131n\u0131r (TMK 227\/1 m). B\u00f6yle bir mal\u0131n daha \u00f6nceden elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde hakim, di\u011fer e\u015fe \u00f6denecek alacak miktar\u0131n\u0131 hakkaniyete uygun olarak belirler (TMK 227\/2 m). De\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 talep edebilmek i\u00e7in, parasal ya da para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen maddi veya hizmet de\u011feriyle katk\u0131da bulunulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            De\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 alacak miktar\u0131 hesaplan\u0131rken, mal rejiminin sona erdi\u011fi s\u0131rada mevcut olan mal\u0131n, bu tarihteki durumuna g\u00f6re, ancak tasfiye tarihindeki s\u00fcr\u00fcm (rayi\u00e7) de\u011feri esas al\u0131n\u0131r (TMK 227\/1, 228\/1, 232 ve 235\/1 m.). Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, tasfiye tarihi karar tarihidir. De\u011fer tespiti, belirleme ve hesaplamalar\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi gerek g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse konusunun uzman\u0131 bilirki\u015fi veya bilirki\u015filerden de yard\u0131m al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Mahkemece, davac\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan katk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden talebinin t\u00fcmden reddine karar verilmi\u015f ise de, gerek\u00e7e dosya kapsam\u0131 ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmemektedir. Mahkeme, dosya kapsam\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak ikinci kat\u0131n daval\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise daval\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle alacak talebini reddetmi\u015ftir. Ne var ki, davac\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla al\u0131nan samimi ifadesi incelendi\u011finde in\u015faat yap\u0131m\u0131nda eme\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti\u011fi, devamla sadece yap\u0131lan \u00e7at\u0131 malzemesini kendi cebinden kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ifade etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Davac\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak bedeli \u00f6denen \u00e7at\u0131 malzemesi, babadan k\u0131z\u0131na yap\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan davac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel mal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla davac\u0131 lehine de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekir.<\/p>\n

            Mahkemece, davac\u0131 lehine yukar\u0131da belirtilen ilkeler g\u00f6zetilerek ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ki\u015fisel mal ile yap\u0131lan katk\u0131n\u0131n, yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihteki ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n de\u011ferine oran\u0131 tespit edilerek, bu oran\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tasfiye tarihi itibariyle belirlenecek de\u011feri ile \u00e7arp\u0131lmas\u0131 neticesinde tespit edilecek miktara, e\u011fer de\u011fer kayb\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu ise katk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki de\u011feri esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131narak davac\u0131 lehine de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f pay\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekirken bu talebin reddi yerinde olmay\u0131p bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.(\u2026) Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2015\/11559, K. 2017\/687, T. 24.01.2017<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            (\u2026) Sa\u011f e\u015f ya da \u00f6len e\u015fin yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 lehine konut \u00fczerinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in; aile konutu olmas\u0131, mal rejiminin \u00f6l\u00fcmle sona ermesi ve sa\u011f e\u015fin kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve hakl\u0131 sebeplerin bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Mahsuba esas al\u0131nacak kat\u0131lma alacak miktar\u0131, iddia ve savunma do\u011frultusunda, ayn\u0131 mahkemece yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan ilke ve esaslar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde belirlenmelidir. Hakl\u0131 sebep, her somut olaydaki taraflar\u0131n ekonomik ve sosyal ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na, meslek ve sanatlar\u0131na, miras ve tapu sicilindeki pay oranlar\u0131na vs g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

            Aile konutu \u00fczerine, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren yasal ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 durumunda, kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131na mahsuben, yetmezse belirlenecek ilave bedelin davac\u0131 taraf\u00e7a mahkeme veznesine depo ettirilmesi sa\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra mahkemece tapu kayd\u0131n\u0131n iptali ile tesciline karar verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

            S\u00f6z konusu de\u011fer tespiti, belirleme ve hesaplamalar\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in gerek g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse konusunun uzman\u0131 bilirki\u015fi veya bilirki\u015filerden de yard\u0131m al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. (\u2026) Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2016\/1375, K. 2016\/13579, T. 11.10.2016<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

               KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/h6>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Acabey, Be\u015fir               :Evlilik Birli\u011finde Yasal Mal Rejimi,<\/strong> \u0130zmir 1998.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Acabey, Be\u015fir               :Medeni Kanun Tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Evlilik Birli\u011finde Yasal Mal Rejimine \u0130li\u015fkin H\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin De\u011ferlendirilmesi, Prof. Dr. Hayri Domani\u00e7\u2019e 80. Ya\u015f G\u00fcn\u00fc Arma\u011fan\u0131, II. Cilt<\/strong>, \u0130stanbul 2001.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Acar, Faruk                  :E\u015fin Yasal Miras Pay\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmesi<\/strong>, Ankara 2004.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk, Turgut          :T\u00fcrk Medeni Hukuku, Yeni Medeni Kanuna Uyarlanm\u0131\u015f Aile Hukuku<\/strong>, \u0130stanbul 2003.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Aksoy, Muammer         :Mukayeseli Hukuk A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Kar\u0131 Koca Mal Rejimi ve Miras Hukuku \u0130le Ba\u011f\u0131,<\/strong> Ankara, 1964.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Akyol, \u015eener                 :\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Mukayeseli Hukuk Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Medeni Kanun 50. Y\u0131l Sempozyumu, I. Tebli\u011fler<\/strong>, \u0130stanbul 1978.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Barlas, Nami                 :Yeni T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde E\u015fler Aras\u0131 Hukuki \u0130\u015flem \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131,  Prof. Dr. Necip Kocayusufpa\u015fao\u011flu \u0130\u00e7in Arma\u011fan,<\/strong> Ankara 2004.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Demir, P\u0131nar \u00d6zlem      :Evli Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Hukuki Durumu<\/strong>, \u0130stanbul 2004.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Do\u011fan, Murat               :Mal Rejiminin Tasfiyesinde Ve Miras\u0131n Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda Aile Konutu ve Ev E\u015fyas\u0131<\/strong>, A\u00dcEHFD, Cilt: VII, Say\u0131:3-4, Y\u0131l: 2003, Aral\u0131k Erzincan, 2003.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Gen\u00e7can, \u00d6mer U\u011fur    :4721 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna G\u00f6re Mal Rejimine \u0130li\u015fkin Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler Ve Edinilmi\u015f Mallara Kat\u0131lma Rejimi<\/strong>, Ankara 2002.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, Ahmet          :Medeni Kanun\u2019umuzun Aile-Miras-E\u015fya Hukukuna Getirdi\u011fi Yenilikler<\/strong>, Ankara 2004.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Ko\u00e7hisarl\u0131o\u011flu, Cengiz:\u0130svi\u00e7re Evlilik Birli\u011fi Hukuku\u2019ndaki Son Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong>, Prof. Dr. Jale Akipek\u2019e Arma\u011fan, Konya 1991.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Moro\u011flu, Nazan            :Medeni Kanunda Mal Rejimleri<\/strong>, \u0130stanbul 2002.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u00d6zdamar, Demet           :T\u00fcrk Hukukunda \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kad\u0131n\u0131n Hukuki Durumu,<\/strong> Ankara, 2002, 330.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u00d6zer, Ahmet                 :\u0130svi\u00e7re Aile Hukukunda Son Geli\u015fmeler, Yarg\u0131tay Dergisi<\/strong>, Cilt: 14, Ocak-Nisan 1998, Say\u0131:1-2, 116-133.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u00d6ztan, Bilge                  :Medeni Kanun\u2019un Mal Rejimi Prensiplerine \u0130li\u015fkin Bir \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Bir De\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00d6nerisi,<\/strong> Prof. Dr. Akif Erginay\u2019a 65inci Ya\u015f Arma\u011fan\u0131, Ankara, 1981.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Serozan, Rona               :Medeni Kanunda Kad\u0131n\u0131n Evlilik Birli\u011findeki Hukuki Konumuyla, Yasal Mal Rejimiyle Ve \u00c7ocuk (Nesep) Hukukuyla \u0130lgili De\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u00d6ng\u00f6ren Mart 1993 Tarihli Tasar\u0131n\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi,<\/strong> \u0130BD, 1993, S. 4-6.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u015e\u0131pka, \u015e\u00fckran               :T\u00fcrk Aile Hukukunda Kar\u0131 Koca Mal Rejimleri Sisteminde Yap\u0131lmak \u0130stenen D\u00fczenlemeler Hakk\u0131nda D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler,<\/strong> Prof. Dr. Hayri Domani\u00e7\u2019e Arma\u011fan, <\/strong>\u0130stanbul 1995.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u015e\u0131pka, \u015e\u00fckran               :Aile Konutu \u0130le \u0130lgili \u0130\u015flemlerde Di\u011fer E\u015fin R\u0131zas\u0131<\/strong>, \u0130stanbul 2004.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u015e\u00fckran \u015e\u0131pka\/<\/p>\n

            P\u0131nar \u00d6zlem Demir       :\u0130svi\u00e7re Federal Mahkemesinin \u201cEdinilmi\u015f Mallar\u0131n Tasfiyesi\u201dne \u0130li\u015fkin Bir Karar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelenmesi (BGE 118 II 27-31), Prof. Dr. Necip Kocayusufpa\u015fao\u011flu \u0130\u00e7in Arma\u011fan<\/strong>, Ankara, 2004.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u015e\u00fckran \u015e\u0131pka\/<\/p>\n

            Hasan Ali Kaplan          :4721 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019na G\u00f6re E\u015flerin Art\u0131k De\u011fere Kat\u0131lma Ve Payla\u015fma Oran\u0131 \u0130le \u0130lgili Olarak Yapacaklar\u0131 Mal Rejimi S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin Altsoy\u2019a Etkisi<\/strong>, Prof. Dr., Necip Kocayusufpa\u015fao\u011flu \u0130\u00e7in Arma\u011fan, Ankara 2004.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            U\u00e7ar, Ayhan                 :4721 Say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun \u0130le Evlili\u011fin Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Alan\u0131nda Yap\u0131lan Bir K\u0131s\u0131m De\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u00dczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler,<\/strong> A\u00dcEHFD, A\u00dcEHF\u2019nin 15. Kurulu\u015f Y\u0131l\u0131na Arma\u011fan, Cilt: VI, Say\u0131:1-4, Aral\u0131k 2002, Erzincan 2002.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            Av. Bedrettin Y\u0131lmaz<\/h6>\n


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            <\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            VII. ALACAKLARIN (KATILMA VE DE\u011eER ARTI\u015e ALACAKLARININ) \u00d6DENMES\u0130 A.GENEL OLARAK Edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejiminde edinilen mallar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti kime ait ise, tasfiye sonras\u0131nda da kural olarak o e\u015fe ait kal\u0131r. E\u015fler kendisine di\u011fer e\u015ften edinilmi\u015f mal \u00fczerinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyemezler. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle payla\u015f\u0131m ayni de\u011fildir.  B)ALACA\u011eIN N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130 Kat\u0131lma ve de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f alacaklar\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Hukukunda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5590,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5861","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5861"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5861"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5947,"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5861\/revisions\/5947"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elithukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}